Circular 141. International Air Passenger and Freight Transport - Latin America and The Caribbean

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Circular 141

International Air Passenger and Freight Transport - Latin America and The Caribbean

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CIRCULAR INTERNATIONAL AIR PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRANSPORT - n CIRCULAR 14'1-AT148 I INTERNATIONAL CIVtL AVIATION ORGANiZATION MONTREAL CANADA LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN PmW by e hmtary CeW and Wkkd v siw of JM WmiI

Do you receive the lCAO BULLETIN The IGAQ Bulletin 6rrtnPns a cotwise account of the wwities of the Brnkatton as wU id wesd Qffl to the aomUtSeaf wdd.

TABLE OF CONTEElTS PART I - GEHERAL CONSfDERATIONS 1 - BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REGION Introduction ...,..........................,.,1.,......,,. 1 A - GEOGRAPHY AND DEMOGRAPHY Deftnition and geograhy ..........................l.............. 1 Demography ................................................ 2 B - ECONOMIC MARACTERISTICS AND DEVELOP Economic characteristics ............................................ 4 Kegional development strategfee ad co-operetfon . . . . . , . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . 7 2. - AIRPORTS Introduction ........................................................ 9 A - AIRPORT INWTRUCTURE International airports .............................................. 9 - Major developments ......................................... 10 Airport acceuu ............................................... 11 B - AIRPORT FINANCES Financing of airport development ........................................ 11 Expenses .Il...CI.........................,..,I...,.....I,.,...,.. 12 Revenuee ....................................................... 13 Profitability ................................................ 14 3 - AIR TRAEISPORT OPERATOES AND THEIR FLEETS Introdutfon ........................................... 15 A - AIR TUNSPORT OPERATORS Operators based inside the region .....................,............. 15 Operators based outeide the regiua ........................III.III.tI..I 17 B - C0MMIRCIAL TRBNSPORT FLEET Fleet and capacity ........................l..I....l.... 19 C - DEVELOPMENTS IEJ AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT New aircraft in international service .......................,.......... 25 Cargo aircraft .................................................... 25

ii ICAO Circular 141-AT146 4 . REGULATION AND ROUTES Page .......................................................... Intrduction 27 A . REGULATION OF SCHEDULED SERVICES .. ... Traffic rights ............................................... 28 . Capacity regulation ............................................. 30 Airline poolfng agreements ...................................r..... 31 B - WGULATIOH OF NON-SCHEDULED SERVICES Definition and roleof nm-scheduled aervicea ........................ 31 ................... Regulation of international nm-scheduled services 32 C - P.LTES AND LEVEL OF SERVICE ....................................................... Route nefrks 35 . Level of service ............................................... 36 Service developments ...................p....C...................... 38 5 . FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION OF AIR CARRIERS ........................................................ Introduction 41 A - FINANCIAL SITUATION OF AIRLINES Financial results .................................................... 41 ..................................... Financialproblemsand solutions 43 Revenues ....................................................... 45 ........................................... Airline operating expenses 47 Comparison of unit revenues ade.xenses ............................. 50 B . DEmRMINANTS OF AIR CARRIER COSTS .................................................. Input factor prices 53 ................................... Aircraft and route characteristics 55 C - ECONOMIC MNSIDERATZONS BECWJIZNG FREIGHT OFFRATIONS Problems of aft freight cost analysis ................................ 56 PART II . PASSENGER TRANSPORT Introduction .......1...m.....4....w.. ......................... 59 A . TOURISM FACILITIES AM ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ................................................... Tourism facilities 59 Touriemand economic development .................................... 60 Tourism and air transport policy ..................................... 62 B - VOLUME AkUJ GROWTH OF INTERNATIONAL TOURTSM Tourist arrfvals by all modes oftransport ........................... 65 .............................................. Tourist arrivals by air 69 . Foreign travel by residents of the region ............................ 71 United States travel market .......................................... 74

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