Name: Circular 310. Издание 1. Regional Differences in International Airline Operating Economics, 2002 and 2003
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Circular 310. Издание 1

Документ обновлён на дату:01.01.2005

Regional Differences in International Airline Operating Economics, 2002 and 2003

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Orders should be sent to one of the following addresses, together with the appropriate remittance by bank draft, cheque or money orderin U.S. dollars or the currency of the country in which the order is placed. Credit card orders American Express, MasterCard and Visaare accepted at ICAO Headquarters.International Civil Aviation Organization. Attention Document Sales Unit, 999 University Street, Montral, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7Telephone 1 514 954-8022 Facsimile 1 514 954-6769 Sitatex YULCAYA E-mail salesicao.intWorld Wide Web http//www.icao.intCameroon. KnowHow, 1, Rue de la Chambre de Commerce-Bonanjo, B.P. 4676, Douala / Telephone 237 343 98 42 Facsimile2373438925 E-mail knowhowdocyahoo.frChina. Glory Master International Limited, Room 434B, Hongshen Trade Centre, 428 Dong Fang Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200120Telephone 86 137 0177 4638 Facsimile 86 21 5888 1629 E-mail glorymasteronline.sh.cnEgypt. ICAO Regional Director, Middle East Office, Egyptian Civil Aviation Complex, Cairo Airport Road, Heliopolis, Cairo 11776Telephone 20 2 267 4840 Facsimile 20 2 267 4843 Sitatex CAICAYA E-mail icaomidcairo.icao.intGermany. UNO-Verlag GmbH, August-Bebel-Allee 6, 53175 Bonn / Telephone 49 0 228-94 90 2-0 Facsimile 49 0 228-94 90 2-22E-mailinfouno-verlag.de World Wide Web http//www.uno-verlag.deIndia. Oxford Book and Stationery Co., Scindia House, New Delhi 110001 or 17 Park Street, Calcutta 700016Telephone 91 11 331-5896 Facsimile 91 11 51514284India. Sterling Book House SBH, 181, Dr. D. N. Road, Fort, Bombay 400001Telephone 91 22 2261 2521, 2265 9599 Facsimile 91 22 2262 3551 E-mail sbhvsnl.comJapan. Japan Civil Aviation Promotion Foundation, 15-12, 1-chome, Toranomon, Minato-Ku, TokyoTelephone 81 3 3503-2686 Facsimile 81 3 3503-2689Kenya. ICAO Regional Director, Eastern and Southern African Office, United Nations Accommodation, P.O. Box 46294, Nairobi Telephone 254 20 7622 395 Facsimile 254 20 7623 028 Sitatex NBOCAYA E-mail icaoicao.unon.orgMexico. Director Regional de la OACI, Oficina Norteamrica, Centroamrica y Caribe, Av. Presidente Masaryk No. 29, 3er Piso,Col. Chapultepec Morales, C.P. 11570, Mxico D.F. / Telfono 52 55 52 50 32 11 Facsmile 52 55 52 03 27 57 Correo-e icaonaccmexico.icao.intNigeria. Landover Company, P.O. Box 3165, Ikeja, LagosTelephone 234 1 4979780 Facsimile 234 1 4979788 Sitatex LOSLORK E-mail aviationlandovercompany.comPeru. Director Regional de la OACI, Oficina Sudamrica, Apartado 4127, Lima 100Telfono 51 1 575 1646 Facsmile 51 1 575 0974 Sitatex LIMCAYA Correo-e maillima.icao.intRussian Federation. Aviaizdat, 48, Ivan Franko Street, Moscow 121351 / Telephone 7 095 417-0405 Facsimile 7 095 417-0254Senegal. Directeur rgional de lOACI, Bureau Afrique occidentale et centrale, Bote postale 2356, DakarTlphone 221 839 9393 Fax 221 823 6926 Sitatex DKRCAYA Courriel icaodkricao.snSlovakia. Air Traffic Services of the Slovak Republic, Letov prevdzkov sluzby Slovenskej Republiky, State Enterprise, Letisko M.R. Stefnika, 823 07 Bratislava 21 / Telephone 421 7 4857 1111 Facsimile 421 7 4857 2105South Africa. Avex Air Training Pty Ltd., Private Bag X102, Halfway House, 1685, JohannesburgTelephone 27 11 315-0003/4 Facsimile 27 11 805-3649 E-mail avexiafrica.comSpain. A.E.N.A. Aeropuertos Espaoles y Navegacin Area, Calle Juan Ignacio Luca de Tena, 14, Planta Tercera, Despacho 3. 11,28027 Madrid / Telfono34 91 321-3148 Facsmile 34 91 321-3157 Correo-e sscc.ventasoaciaena.esSwitzerland. Adeco-Editions van Diermen, Attn Mr. Martin Richard Van Diermen, Chemin du Lacuez 41, CH-1807 BlonayTelephone 41 021 943 2673 Facsimile 41 021 943 3605 E-mail mvandiermenadeco.orgThailand. ICAO Regional Director, Asia and Pacific Office, P.O. Box 11, Samyaek Ladprao, Bangkok 10901Telephone 66 2 537 8189 Facsimile 66 2 537 8199 Sitatex BKKCAYA E-mail icaoapacbangkok.icao.intUnited Kingdom. Airplan Flight Equipment Ltd. AFE, 1a Ringway Trading Estate, Shadowmoss Road, Manchester M22 5LHTelephone 44 161 499 0023 Facsimile 44 161 499 0298 E-mail enquiriesafeonline.com World Wide Web http//www.afeonline.comCatalogue of ICAO Publicationsand Audio-visual Training AidsIssued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. Supplements to the Catalogue announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc.Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO.2/06Published in separate English, Arabic, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the International Civil AviationOrganization. All correspondence, except orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to the Secretary General.

1-1 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 This circular has been prepared pursuant to ICAO Assembly Resolution A35-18, Appendix G, which requests the Council to instruct the Secretary General to issue periodically a study on regional differences in the level of international air transport operating costs, analysing how differences in operations and input prices may affect their levels and the impact that changes in costs may have on air transport tariffs. This study on Regional Differences in International Airline Operating Economics 2002 and 2003 succeeds one which covered the years 2000 and 2001 and was published in 2005 Circular 306-AT/128 and two previous studies one covering the years 1998 and 1999 published in Circular 293-AT/125 and one covering the years 1992 to 1997 published in Circular 280-AT/117. Prior to that, similar studies were published annually under the title Regional Differences in Fares, Rates and Costs for International Air Transport, which covered the years 1976 to 1992. The studies are now published biennially or every other year, although data have continued to be collected and analysed on an annual basis. The present circular focuses on the years 2002 and 2003. 1.2 For 17 international route groups, comprising all international routes, passenger, freight and mail revenue yield data are presented in Chapter 2 for scheduled services. With reference to the same route groups, regional differences in the costs related to the scheduled service passenger yields are presented in Chapter 3. The major causes of regional differences in costs are identified in Chapter 4. In Chapters 2 and 3, the 2003 results are compared with those for 2001. 1.3 The sources of data used in the study are given in Appendix 1, together with information on the sample sizes on which revenue and cost data are based. The method of analysis used in the study is presented in Appendix 2, together with information on the margins of uncertainty, a factor which should be borne in mind when considering the results of studies of this nature. Facsimiles of the questionnaire and information on responses appear in Appendix 3. 1.4 Unless indicated otherwise, all references to cents in this circular mean U.S. cents and all references to dollars mean U.S. dollars.

2-1 Chapter 2 LEVELS OF UNIT REVENUES Passenger traffic 2.1 Estimates of average unit passenger revenues for scheduled services in 2002 and 2003 by route group are presented in Table 2-1. 2.2 Column 1 of Table 2-1 shows the average weighted revenue per passenger-kilometre for scheduled passenger traffic on each route group for 2002 and 2003. These data are considered representative of all airlines operating on the particular route group and also include estimates for non-reporting airlines. The data are presented without distinction to class of travel or fare type. Thus, they represent the overall weighted average for all individual routes on all route groups and for all fare types. The overall average revenue per passenger-kilometre excluding incidental revenues was estimated at 7.38 cents for 2002 and 7.73 cents for 2003. However, the route group averages vary from a high of 14.2 cents in local Europe to a low of 4.9 cents on routes across the North/Mid-Pacific in 2002 and from a high of 14.5 cents to a low of 5.1 cents on the same route groups in 2003. Due to inadequate representation in reporting, three route groups between and within Central America and the Caribbean, local Middle East and local Africa are not included in this analysis, although their estimates are included in the worldwide totals for both years. 2.3 On a worldwide basis, the estimated average revenue per passenger-kilometre for scheduled services at 7.73 cents in 2003 showed an increase of almost 7 per cent from the level in 2001. Comparable data by route group between 2001 and 2003 are available for 14 individual route groups. Out of these 14 route groups, 10 showed increases, ranging from a growth of some 16 per cent for routes between Europe/Middle East and Africa to some 1 per cent for routes across the North and Mid-Pacific and between North America and Central America/Caribbean. The decreases on the remaining 4 route groups range between some 9 per cent for routes in local South America to less than 3 per cent for routes between Bermuda, Canada, Mexico and the United States Figure 2-1. 2.4 The changes in yields experienced between 2001 and 2003 reflect the weakening of the U.S. dollar against most of the other world currencies, especially the currencies of countries in Europe, Asia/Pacific and Africa. The relative change between 2001 and 2003 would, in many cases, be significantly different if expressed in the national currencies of the airlines concerned. A brief evaluation of this effect is given in Chapter 3 paragraphs 3.11 and 3.12. 2.5 The analyses in paragraphs 2.2 to 2.4 relate only to the average unit revenues for all airlines combined on each route group. There can be wide variations around these averages shown among individual airlines. In the case of passenger services, the variation in yields for each route group for 2002 and 2003 is shown in Tables 2-2 and 2-3, respectively. For a few route groups, the unit revenues for individual airlines do not vary much from the route group average for example, for routes between North America and Central America/Caribbean, within North America and across the South Pacific. However, on most route groups, the unit revenues differ significantly among airlines, reflecting differing route structures and traffic mix among other factors.

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