Circular 28. Existing Forms of Commercial and Technical Co-operation Between European Airlines in Regional Air Services

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Circular 28

Existing Forms of Commercial and Technical Co-operation Between European Airlines in Regional Air Services

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ICAO CIRCULAR 28-A3 JUNE 1952 Existing Forms of COMMERCIAL AND TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION BETWEEN EUROPEAN AIRLINES in Regional Air Services Study by the Institut frangois du transport adrien, published by authority of the Secretary General of ICAO INtERNATlONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION MONTREAL CANADA

This publication is issued in English, French and Spanish, Published in Montreal, Canada, by the International Civil Aviation Organization. Correspondence concerning publications should be addressed to the Secretary General of ICAO, International Aviation Building, 1080 University Street, Montreal, Canada. Orders for ICAO publications should be sent, on payment In Canadian currency , to Secretary General, ICAO, International Aviation Building, 1080 University Street, Montreal, Canada. Cable address ICAO MONTREAL In French currency fr , to ICAO Representative, European and African Office, 60bis, avenue d'Ibna, Paris 16e, France. Cable address ICAOREP PARIS In Peruvian currency solesj, to ICAO Representative, South American Office, Apartado 680, Lima, Peru. Cable address ICAOREP LIMA In tei-lin or Irish currency s d, to Her Majesty's Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, . London, S. E. 1, England. 1 Cable address WHOLECORN, SEDIST, LONDON, In Egyptian currency L.E. 1, to ICAO Representative, Middle East Office, Wadie Saad Building, Sharia Salah el Dine, Zamalek, Cairo, Egypt. Cable address ICAOREP CAIRO In Australian currency Is d 1, to ICAO Representative, Far East and Pacific Office, 10 Weybridge Street, Surrey Hills, E.10, Melbourne, Australia. Cable address ICAOREP ME1,ROURNE .

TCAO Circular 28-AT/4 FORE WORD Among the objectives of this Organization, as set forth in the Convention under which it was formed, is to foster the planning and development of inter- national air transport so as to ensure the safe and orderly growth of interna- tional civil aviation throughout the world and to prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition. In furtherance of these objectives, the Council is entrusted with the permissive function of conducting research into all aspects of gir transport that are of international impor-tance, of cornrnunicating the results of its research to the Contracting States, and of facilitating the exchange of information between Contracting States on air transport matters, One of the subjects of outstanding interest in ths field is the degree of collaboration that exists between international airlines, which collaboration, as the Convention recognizes, may extend as far as the formation of joint organ- izations to operate air services on any routes or in any regions. The Assembly, at its Fourth Session, concluded that this ultimate objective did not at that time present any concrete problems requiring intensive study, but noted that 60- operative arrangements in a number of different forms had already been devel- oped by certain airlines and governments with satisfactory results and promise of still further satisfactory results in the future, The Assembly also recognized that the general collection and analysis of data concerning this aspect of the operation of international air services would continue in any event. It appeared to the Secretariat that the Continent of Europe offered an advantageous field for study of various co-operative arrangements between international airlines and, in particular, of pooling systems, Little information hming been received on these subjects from Contracting States direct, and the ICAO statistical reporting forms ndt being calculated to furnish material on the subject, the Organization authorized the Institut drancais du transport a6i-ien to undertake" on its behalf a study of these various co-operative arrangements, including particylarly pooling arrangements, The study was made, and the report thereon is reproduced in this Circular. Although the research that went into this paper was carried on with periodic onsultations between the Secretariat of ICAO and IFTA, and although the scope of the pqer was mutually agreed on, the conc-,lusions set forth herein should not be construed as representing an official view held bv ICAO,

ICAO Circular 28- AT/ TABLEOFCONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................. . Chapter I . . The European-Mediterranean Region and Air Transport .. A.. Europe ................................................ B .. Air transport in the European-Mediterranean Region ....... Chapter I1 .. Commercial Agency Agreements ...................... A .. Agency agreements ..................................... B .. Interline traffic agreements .............................. Conclusion... .......................................... Chapter I11 .. Ground Services Agreements ........................ A .. Standard type bilateral handling agreements ............... B . . A particular case of bilateral ground service agreements The Shannon Agreements ................................ C .. Technical handling under the Beneswiss Agreement ......... D .. The Multilateral Agreement on airports in Germany ........ Conclusion ....................OODe.oe.O............... . Chapter IV .. Technical Co-operation Agreements .................. A . . The SociCtC Internationale de TC16communications A6ronautiques SITA ..........................OeeOO.O.. . B . - The Committee for Purchases of Aviation Materials - CPAM ................................................ C . - Organization of stocks of spare parts in the Beneswiss Agreement ............................................. D . - Organization of maintenance and overhaul services ......... Chapter V .. Pooling Agreements ............................... .. A .. Definition and operation ................................. B .. Individual analyses of pooling arrangements ................ ............................................. C.- Conclusion Chapter VI. . From the Commercnal Pool to the Political Pool ....... A .. National attempts to organize air transport ................ B .. International efforts .................................... 1 . . Implementation of bilateral agreements on commercial rights .............................................. 2 . - Transition to joint operation and higher forms of authoritygenesa1trends ........................... ............................................. Conclusion Page '7

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